2. The heavy cannons pounded the British mercilessly, and by October 11 had knocked out most of the British guns, the Army Heritage Center Foundation states. Washington ordered the construction of large camps with huge brick bread ovens where Clinton could see them to create the illusion that the Continental Army was preparing for a long stay. Nov. 7, 1781 Siege and Surrender of Yorktown, Sept.-Oct., 1781. Of his 400 infantrymen, Hamilton lost just nine in the attack, with some 30 wounded, while the 400 French-led troops lost 27 men, with 109 wounded, according to Fleming. URL: http://olivetreegenealogy.com/ But the demoralizing loss at Yorktown diminished the British will to continue to fight the rebels. The British, in hostile territory, held only a few coastal areas in America. [21] Knoxs Brigade Orders, The Magazine of American History 6: 51. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. For the militias contribution see William W. Reynolds, The Virginia Militia at the Siege of Yorktown, Military Collector & Historian 67 (2015): 175-176. In the afternoon, the Allied barrage begins, with the French opening the salvo. 09:00 to 17:00. An official form of the United States government. Try an Ancestry.com Free Trial The calculation mentioned in the text does not account for men required as guards or laboratory workers, but is overly conservative in assuming that Knox would deploy throughout the siege all of the artillery he transported to Yorktown. PA Revolutionary War Records from Archives. present James Button [4] Commissary General Samuel Hogdgon to Gen. Henry Knox, September 8, 1781, GLC02437.01173 and Invoice of Ordnance & Military Stores forwarded to the Southern Army, GLC02437.01168, GLI; Col. John Lamb to Lt. George Leacraft, September 25, 1781, and Col. John Lamb to Gen. Henry Knox, September 28, 1781, John Lamb Letterbooks, New York Historical Society, New York, NY; Francis S. Drake, Life and Correspondence of Henry Knox (Boston: Samuel G. Drake, 1873), 71. Washington's Officers at Valley Forge. This guide provides advice on finding records held at The National Archives known as muster rolls, pay lists and description books. see also my Artillery at Yorktown: A Statistical Overview (Part 2 of 2) The Brigade Dispatch. $159.99 Add to Favorites . Assault upon Quebec, Dec. 31, 1775. . These men cleaned shot, made cartridges, and proved and filled shells. John Cochran. We dont know. 10. 19, 1781 [15] Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 8-16, 1781; William Stevens, A System for the Discipline of the Artillery of the United States of America, or, the Young Artillerists Pocket Companion (New York: William A. Davis, 1797), 195. Thank you Stuart. [9], Knox undoubtedly knew before he left New York that he would not have trained gunners sufficient for the number of pieces of siege artillery he planned to take to Yorktown, and this muster provided confirmation. With the help of French engineers, American and French troops begin to dig a series of parallel trenches, which bring troops and artillery close enough to inflict damage on the British. France was a longtime foe of Britain and still thirsting for revenge after their defeat by the Crown in the Seven Years War. On June 17, 1775, as British redcoats marched up the heights of Bunker Hill outside of Boston, Massachusetts, they were met with a hail of musketry from the defenders of the earthen redoubt. We place some essential cookies on your device to make this website work. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers Note that "F" is for Fredericksburg Lancaster 24 April 1782 Muster Roll of the Detached Corps under Charge of Lt. DeBeck ,New York Volunteers Capt. [11] Gaspard de Gallatin, Journal of the Siege of Yorktown (Washington: United States Government Printing Office, 1931), 31. Still, The World Turned Upside Down creates the perfect ending to an event that changed the nation and the world. The third company commander of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment may have been Capt.-Lt. Jesse Crosby who was wounded at the Battle of Green Springs. On October 18, 1781, the British army surrendered at Yorktown. It is all over. Oct . Benedict Arnold. An analysis of pension applications by members of the 2nd Continental Artillery shows that the majority enlisted in New York. James Moore Benj. Journal of the American Revolution also produces annual hardcover volumes, a branded book series, and the podcast, Dispatches. Nathan Dock Oct . The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle because of the presence of Germans in all three armies, began September 28, 1781 and ended on October 19, 1781, in Yorktown, Virginia. This time, France obliged requests for assistance by sending over some of its elite troops to help Washingtons patriots. The number of pieces of French ordnance deployed at Yorktown is difficult to determine with complete confidence. Private May 1780: Sir John Johnson leads Royal Greens, Rangers, and Indians in raid on Johnstown and Caughnawaga. The field officer of the batteries provided a daily written report to Knox of ammunition used at each artillery position, furnishing a useful picture today of the American gunners activity. Updated: October 18, 2021 | Original: November 9, 2009. It is from the archives in Ottawa Canada. 19, 1781 Sick at F Subscribe now for regular news, updates and priority booking for events.Sign up, All content is available under the Open Government Licence From 1888 onwards, the series contains only muster rolls, there are no longer any pay lists and by 1898 muster rolls were no longer kept by the War Office either. The men detailed for service in the batteries formed each day at 11 A.M. before marching to their assigned battery or redoubt for a twenty-four-hour tour of duty beginning at noon. present Within each category the records are arranged as follows: U.S., Sons of the American Revolution Membership Applications, 1889-1970, U.S., Revolutionary War Pension and Bounty-Land Warrant Application Files, 1800-1900, Provided in association with National Archives and Records Administration. Later, it is said that the British band played the tune The Worlds Turned Upside Down during the surrender at Yorktownan apocryphal story that has become part of American folklore. Muster rolls and pay lists contain soldiers: From 1868 to 1883 there may be quarterly lists which contain details of men becoming non-effective. Michael Rayen A-024. Following the Battle at Yorktown and Cornwalliss surrenderand the British down one-third of its forcethe British Parliament, in March 1782, passed a resolution calling for the nation to end the war. From 1878 to 1898, all muster rolls and pay lists are in WO 16. Then,Lt. Col. Alexander Hamiltons force, consisting of a detachment of 400 of his light infantry, assaults redoubt #10 with bayonets fixed and muskets unloaded. The American portion of that artillery force consisted of fewer than 400 gunners of the Continental artillery. In the summer of 1780, 5,500 French troops, with Comte de Rochambeau at the helm, landed in Newport, Rhode Island to aid the Americans. Sick at F [19], Following the surrender of Cornwallis, Knox released the Virginia State Regiment, Delaware Regiment, and Virginia militia to go their separate ways. Thus it was a reduced contingent of the 4th Continental Artillery that was available to Knox in September. The overall dates are 1756 to 1900, but for most regiments there are volumes for the first half of the 19th century only. They also assisted Capt. Description books of sappers, miners, artificers and the like, 1756-1833, are in WO 54/310-316. This Site All NPS Download the official NPS app before your next visit. To more easily find your ancestor in this collection, you'll need to know the state and military unit. As American troops hack at the abatis with axes, the British are alerted. Uploaded by Sick at F They have to be taken by force. Fix Bayonets: The Revolutions Climactic Assault at Yorktown, The Southern Theater of the American Revolution, Baumans Plan of the Investment of York and Gloucester, Yorktown | Assaults on Redoubts 9 and 10 | Oct 14, 1781. The files that make up these records consist of 10" x 14" cards or 10" x 14" envelopes that can contain documents relating to an application for a pension or bounty-land warrant by a Revolutionary War veteran, his widow, or his heirs. The American Battlefield Trust and our members have saved more than 56,000 acres in 25 states! By October 17 most of the British artillery facing the allied forces had been silenced and Cornwallis had taken nearly 500 casualties. Note that "F" is for Fredericksburg Record types contained in this collection include: Muster rolls Payrolls Strength returns Misc., personnel, pay, and supply records of American Army units The two merged in 1856, as the Royal Engineers, Infantry regiments, which had been known by numbers (for example, 28th Foot), were to become known by a title, usually a county, Regiments from the 26th Foot onwards were paired together to form new regiments (for example, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the Gloucester Regiment), Each new regiment was to have two battalions, as the first 25 Foot regiments already did, The lower number became the 1st battalion and the higher number became the 2nd battalion (thus, the 28th Foot and the 61st Foot became the 1st and 2nd Battalions respectively of the Gloucester Regiment), All infantry regiments were placed into numbered regimental districts. Sergt. On a moonless night, after firing incessant artillery to weaken British defenses, American and French forces prepare a surprise assault on redoubts #9 and #10. Discovery is a catalogue of archival records across the UK and beyond, from which you can search 32 million records. [13] Henry P. Johnston, The Yorktown Campaign and the Surrender of Cornwallis 1781 (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1881), 174; William Feltman, The Journal of Lieut. Therefore, not all individuals who served in the Revolutionary War will be found in this database. [12] John Bell Tilden, Extracts from the Journal of Lieutenant John Bell Tilden, Second Pennsylvania Line, 1781-1782, Pennsylvania Magazine of History and Biography 19 (1895): 60; Orderly Books for Col. John Lambs Second Regiment, New York Historical Society, entries for October 9-17, 1781; Octavius Pickering, Life of Timothy Pickering (Boston: Little, Brown, and Company, 1867), 1: 305; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 139. [1] Robert Selig, The March to Victory: Washington, Rochambeau, and the Yorktown Campaign of 1781, CMH Pub. To identify state and military unit of interest . In regard to the Militia, very little is known and that little is extremely fragmentary. With the mission refocused on taking Cornwalliss army in Yorktown, the French continued their trek for 300 miles and five weeks and helped win a critical victory for the Americans. Images of muster rolls, payrolls, strength returns, and other personnel, pay, and supply records of the American Army during the Revolutionary War. Mustor (muster) books and pay lists: General series: Cavalry (Swift, 1984), Amanda Bevan, Tracing your Ancestors in the The National Archives (The National Archives, 2006), J Gibson and M Medlycott, Militia lists and musters, 1757-1876: a directory of holdings in the British Isles (Federation of Family History Societies, 2004), William Spencer, Army Records: A guide for family historians (The National Archives, 2008), William Spencer, Records of the Militia and Volunteer Forces 1757-1945 (Public Record Office, 1997), For quick pointersTuesday to Saturday Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Co. Harrisburg, Pa., Harrisburg Publishing Co., state printer, Advanced embedding details, examples, and help, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Regimental histories, Pennsylvania -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Sources, United States -- History Revolution, 1775-1783 Registers, Terms of Service (last updated 12/31/2014). Those of the Italian Legion no longer survive. John Cadwalader. Rank This engagement further weakened British attempts to wrest the southern colonies from American control. 1-86-NARA-NARA or 1-866-272-6272, National Archives Building in Washington, DC, National Archives at College Park, Maryland, Know Your Records: U.S. Navy Muster Rolls and Personnel Diaries, How to File a FOIA Request for Archival Records. Lafayettes force arrived at Richmond in late April and spent the spring and summer maneuvering against British forces under Gen. William Phillips, and after his death under Lt. Gen. Charles, Lord Cornwallis. 19, 1781 6 1782 The Battle of Yorktown marks the collapse of the British war efforts. The successful siege allowed the allies to complete the second parallel trench and snuffed out the last remains of resistance among the British. In a final effort on October 16, Cornwallis attempted a nighttime sea evacuation, but he was stopped by a storm. The siege of Yorktown, also known as the Battle of Yorktown, the surrender at Yorktown, or the German battle, ending on October 19, 1781, at Yorktown, Virginia, was a decisive victory by a combined force of the American Continental Army troops led by General George Washington and Gilbert du Motier, Marquis de Lafayette, and French Army troops led 4, (Autumn Although it takes the Americans two more years of skillful diplomacy to formally secure their independence through the Treaty of Paris, the war is won with the British defeat at Yorktown. Wayne left York, Pennsylvania in late May and joined Lafayette in central Virginia on June 11. redoubts) with artillery batteries and connecting trenches. After six years of war, both the British and Continental armies were exhausted. Isaac Deal General Knox ordered Colonel Lamb to take charge of transporting the artillery and supplies, including captured pieces, to Philadelphia and the 2nd Continental Artillery accompanied the guns there before going into winter quarters at Burlington, New Jersey. Private The 3rd Regiment had been raised primarily in Massachusetts. Dec. 6, 1781 Present William McKennan, and 160 Virginia Militiamen under Major Wood Jones. While their greatest contribution was to relieve the artillerymen of duties which took them away from the firing line, such as guarding the artillery park, maintenance of fortifications, and hauling ammunition from the artillery park to the batteries, many of the auxiliaries worked in the laboratory and batteries under direction of Knoxs men. Private Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), The Siege of Yorktown, October 17, 1781 , as painted in 1836. [12], Most of the artillery had been hauled from Trebells Landing across the peninsula six miles to the artillery park by October 6 allowing Knoxs men to concentrate on completing the batteries and moving guns and mortars into them. Death Finds a Way: A Janie Riley Mystery by Lorine McGinnis Schulze, Organize Your Genealogy in Evernote in 10 Easy Steps, Immigration (Ships Passenger Lists, Naturalization, etc), From Van Valkenburg to Vollick: The Loyalist Isaac Van Valkenburg aka Vollick and his Vollick & Follick Children. National Park Service U.S. Department of the Interior. See an An Overview of Records at the National Archives Relating to Military . In addition, there was no widely known tune at that time called The World Turned Upside Down. Finally, Article III of the Articles of Capitulation signed at Yorktown clearly states that The [British] garrisonwill march outwith shouldered arms, colours cased, anddrums beatinga British or German march. The musters, service records and attestation papers of the German and Swiss Legions are in WO 15, searchable by regiment in our catalogue. Sign up to receive the latest information on the American Battlefield Trust's efforts to blaze The Liberty Trail in South Carolina. If you are working backwards through the musters, you may need to find the previous regimental number of a 2nd battalion. To view the muster roll or pay list itself you will need to order the original document. The Childers reforms of 1881 (a process which began with the Cardwell reforms of the 1870s) led to major changes within infantry (foot) regiments: The arrangement of WO 16 reflects the re-organisation of the army following the Cardwell-Childers reforms. [20] Reynolds, Virginia State and Continental Regiments, 346-347; Christopher L. Ward, The Delaware Continentals 1776-1783 (Cranbury, NJ: The Scholars Bookshelf, 2005), 473; David Cobb, Diary of General David Cobb, Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society 19 (1881-1882): 70; Sims, Military Career of John Lamb, 210-212; Gen. Knox to Col. Lamb, November 2, 1781, GLC02437.01280, GLI. The 1st Maryland Regiment under William Smallwood was held in reserve. Over 33 million records are contained in this database. Savages Receipt of October 8, 1781, GLC02437.01215, GLI; Massachusetts Soldiers and Sailors of the Revolutionary War (Boston: Wright & Potter Printing Co., 1905), 839; Fred Anderson Berg, Encyclopedia of Continental Army Units (Harrisburg: Stackpole Books, 1972), 25; Stanley J. Idzerda, Lafayette in the Age of the American Revolution (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1981), 4:80. Private The Allied lines are now within musket range of the British and American and French artillery are in place. Olive Tree Genealogy was chosen by Family Tree Magazine as one of the 101 Best Genealogy Websites 2017! Lamb arrived off Williamsburg in that river by September 25, found nearby Trebells Landing to be a suitable place to land the ordnance, and by October 1 had his guns and supplies ashore. Gen. Anthony Wayne to reinforce Lafayette with his 1,200 Pennsylvanians including about one hundred officers and men of the 4th Continental Artillery Regiment. Oct . British Half Pay in 1784. . How it ended American victory. 19, 1781 Private These records can be an excellent source for names, dates, locations, and family relationships. Aerial. Whitehead Colemans Company was sent to Virginia later that year to recruit. That contingent was further weakened due to a September 23 altercation between Duffy and another officer, leading to Duffys arrest, court martial, and dismissal from the service on October 12. Prior to General Greene's command, the war in the South had not . Corp'l You can browse these by regiment. Every purchase supports the mission. One observer, Feltman, The Journal of Lt. William Feltman, 21, counted twenty-seven American and thirty-three French artillery pieces (not counting the leftmost French battery) in the batteries on October 18. Aerial. Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (1906), Vol. Washington and his French ally, Lt. Gen. Comte de Rochambeau, bet on the south, where they were assured critical naval support from a French fleet commanded by Adm. Comte de Grasse. Articles with the HISTORY.com Editors byline have been written or edited by the HISTORY.com editors, including Amanda Onion, Missy Sullivan and Matt Mullen. 19, 1781 George Hunter With the Continental Army positioned in New York, Washington and Rochambeau teamed to plan a timed attack on Clinton with the arrival of more French forces. General Lord Cornwallis surrendering his sword and his army to General George Washington and the Continental and French armies after the final battle of the Revolutionary War on October 19, 1781 in Yorktown, Virginia. Fredk. All Rights Reserved. The legend about the British singing a popular tune called The World Turned Upside Down originated 30 years after the war in Alexander GardensAnecdotes of the American Revolution2ndseries (Charleston, 1828), p. 18. Thomas Bliss may have remained at Head of Elk to forward supplies to the army, according to Monthly Return of the Corps of Artillery September 1781, GLC02437.10495, GLI. The French simultaneously assault redoubt #9 and, after an equally fierce firefight, wrest control from the British. Colonial National Historical Park preserves the Yorktown Battlefield, one of the most pivotal Revolutionary War battlefields and a must-see for any Revolutionary War enthusiast. It is so dramatic, in fact, that playwright and composer Lin-Manuel Miranda wrote his own version of the fictional tune to cap the Battle of Yorktown scene in his Broadway hit Hamilton. However, the daily reports of ammunition expended do not suggest a dramatic increase in the number of artillery pieces in service throughout the siege. George Haines Nov. 5, 1781 During the attack on Redoubts 9 and 10 on the evening of October 14, the 2nd Artillerys Capt. Althause's Company of New York Volunteers Oct . [14], In addition to the field officers, captains and captain-lieutenants were assigned each day to command in the batteries. Cornwalliss position is untenable as the Franco-American alliance has artillery on three of his sides, with additional new pieces positioned in redoubts #9 and #10 after their fall. The 1st Continental Artillery Regiment, raised in Virginia and commanded by Col. Charles Harrison, had marched from New York in April 1780 to the support of Gen. Benjamin Lincoln, whose force was under siege at Charleston, South Carolina. The Battle of Yorktown (Sep 28, 1781 - Oct 19, 1781) was the final battle of the American Revolution, fought between Colonial troops and the British Army at Yorktown, Virginia. The text in the cartouche of the Bauman Map of the Siege of Yorktown, Library of Congress File G3884.Y6S3 1782.B3, states that eighteen pieces of artillery were in service by October 10, 1782, and Maj. Bauman was a particularly qualified source of such information. We'd like to use additional cookies to remember your settings and understand how you use our services. Alternatively, search The National Archives Library to see what is available to consult at Kew. October 19. These show a total of 235 officers and men which, with the addition of regimental staff, is consistent with the total of 242 in the October 1, 1781 return. For more information on soldiers records from this period see our guide to British Army soldiers up to 1913. Francis Bilas Capt. Clicking on the View Image icon on the search results or record level pages will take you to the first image of the roll that the individual is on. The password for the operation is Rochambeau, which the Americans translate as Rush on boys! The assault commences with a diversionary attack on a redoubt further to the north of Yorktown at 6:30 p.m., giving the appearance that the town itself was to be stormed. sick at F Chester County Revolutionary War reparation requests & reported losses. What song did the British actually play as they surrendered at Yorktown? Private On September 5, while the Allied army is still on route, the French fleet guards the entrance to the Chesapeake Bay. At that time, musicians played in the regiment in which they enlisted, not in a large massed band. A total of 14,000 men were recruited, although none saw active service: they were disbanded after the war. Join us online July 24-26! The Royal Navy, attempting to sail up the Bay to Cornwallis, is met by French warships at the mouth of the Chesapeake. At 1057, Lieutenant Michio Kobayashi and his 18-dive bomber unit took off from Hiryu to attack American carrier Yorktown, escorted by 6 fighters. To maintain stealth, soldiers do not to load or prime their weapons. This series is arranged in two chronological segments (18981930 and 19311939), and thereunder alphabetically by the name or type of vessel or shore unit. In response, Cornwallis asked Clinton for aid, and the general promised him a fleet of 5,000 British soldiers would set sail from New York to Yorktown. Ibid. We will keep fighting for all libraries - stand with us! 19, 1781 How Well Do You Know the Siege of Yorktown? To do this, you should consult the Army List. Thomas Lynch Montgomery, ed., Pennsylvania Archives, Fifth Series (Harrisburg: Harrisburg Publishing Company, 1906), 3:1021, records that among the wounded artillerymen was Henry Love of Pennsylvania who lost a leg during the siege. They provide a soldiers: From about 1868 musters may also include Marriage Rolls giving details of children and wives occupying married quarters. Both sides were desperately seeking a definitive victory. on August 12, 2008. Please note, a small selection of muster rolls and pay lists from WO 12 are available online via Ancestry (). Record types contained in this collection include: Revolutionary War American Forces included various organizations formed by the Continental Congress as well as individual states, counties, and towns. [5], Washington had ordered Maj. Gen.Marquis de Lafayette to take 1,200 Continentals from the army in New York to Virginia in February 1781 to oppose British forces then threatening that state, instructing Lafayette to confer with General Knox concerning needed artillery support. Private You can browse these by regiment. v3.0, except where otherwise stated, British Army muster rolls and pay lists c.1730-1898, 3. Ludwig The musters are bound together in annual volumes for each regiment and are held in the War Office (WO) series, listed below. The British surrender forecast the end of British rule in the colonies and the birth of a new nationthe United States of America. [2], The regiment that marched south was comprised of seven companies, raised primarily in New York, whose captains were: Thomas Bliss; John Doughty; George Fleming; Thomas Machin; Gershom Mott; Jacob Reed; and William Stevens. His artillery consists of three 24-pounders, three 18-pounders, two 8-inch (203 mm) howitzers, and 6 mortars, totaling 14 guns. The siege of Charleston in May 1780 was one of the worst American defeats of the Revolutionary War. $249.99 Add to Favorites . Joseph Savage to Lafayette, May 26, 1781, GLC02437.00955, Return of the Companies of Artillery attached to the Brigades of the Line-Octr 5, 1781, GLC02437.01208, and Capt. For nearly a week the artillery barrage is ceaseless, shattering whatever nerve the British have remaining and punching holes in British defenses. But her search into the past leads her to a dark secret. By mid-September 1781, Washington and Rochambeau arrived in Williamsburg, Virginia, 13 miles from the tobacco port of Yorktown, where Cornwalliss men had built a defense of 10 small forts (a.k.a.
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