(In English, -tion turn verbs into nouns, -ify turn nouns into verbs, other amazing examples here ) Go ahead and give some examples, by combining some roots with each other and with inflections! intended to delete an i onset following an intervocalic consonant: the users of the language are likely to invent a new word to replace one of the homonyms. Two different questions only mildly related = too broad. E.g. To help with this, some conlangers have written computer programs called Sound change appliers that automate much of this work for you. The child language is the result; the language that you will present to other people, or put in your novel, or whatever other reason you conlang for. A few days ago I started work on an online sound change applier, similar to Mark Rosenfelder's SCA2. These are defined at the top of the file. If that was unclear from the question please tell me and I will edit it to bring this out more. For example, in English and Spanish, /n/ becomes [m] before bilabials and [] before velars (e.g. A variable can also be set to a fixed value, or deleted. insufficient vowel reduction) another 35% of the time. can assist in debugging rules, since it causes the output to show exactly what rules applied to each word. Privacy Policy. Sound Changes can happen both unilaterally (in every possible location) or only in certain environments. "Save as type" dropdown to "All files" instead of "Text documents". Actually, sound change appliers strike me as being very much a 'scratch own itch' type of project . The environment (the z part) can contain variables, like V above. means that c changes to i after a front vowel and before a t. You can use variables in the first two parts as well. means to replace u with o, but only at the end of the word. Join. Some other common notations are # for word boundaries and [+feature] or [-feature] to indicate the presence or lack of a certain feature respectively. 'Gross' is /atek/, 'very gross' is /atekul/, and 'inedible food' is /ategetul/. Variables can only be one character long. Monophthongization is the simplification of a diphthong (or triphthong) down to a single vowel. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. What prefixes, suffixes, infixes, sound changes, vowel patterns, or other modifications do you use? I use capital letters You signed in with another tab or window. A warning though: so they operate quickly, the rewrite rules are global and non-contextual. Conlang.org, LCS, is a site for conlangers, would-be conlangers, those interested in or curious about conlangs and anything else to do with conlanging. Define the phonemes that make up those categories in the box at the left. F=ie Re: Reversible sound change applier . Phonology is the set of rules that apply given certain conditions. C is any consonant. @curiousdannii I'm simply asking people to inform me on correct notation of sound changes and common patterns in real examples. Is there a sound change applier that will work within excel? cd c:\downloads\. A consonant may change to match the place or type of articulation of an adjoining consonant. It's a pretty powerful tool for something like I've been working on, creating a proto-conlang with multiple daughter languages. Each character in the replacement variable (here Z) In Notepad, for instance, change the Similar ideas are umlaut and vowel harmony, in which vowels change depending on other vowels in the word. for this, though this is not a requirement. The rules can be written in any of the following forms: where x becomes y when x is between a and b. If you've done this right, the file won't The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. I'm pretty tired and I may have been at a trivia night or two myself tonight, so I'll proofread this in the morning. The syntax is slightly different, which allows you to write some rules more compactly or clearly, but it is feature-rich enough to be a full replacement for SCA2. The words get "smoothed" like gravel at a beach or in a desert. It also refers to sounds that disappear altogether. It is also available on iTunes and you can now support them on Patreon. -l overrides -b if present) and The /t/ deletes after another obstruent. Thanks for contributing an answer to Constructed Languages Stack Exchange! I guess this forum really isn't set up for the kind of intense assistance & interaction you really need. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. Now type cd plus the name of the directory We have also added the hash to the second half of the equation, which indicates a word boundary (either initial or final). (e.g. For example, *cwadrut yields hawar in language A and qewarro in language B and kawrs in language C but shwuntz in language D and shhwandaras in language E. As you examine other words, you notice that ancestral [k-] remains [k] or becomes [h] (both palatal sounds) in several languages, all of which are at the eastern end of this proto language's continuum; while most of the languages where ancestral [k-] has become [] are all in the west. The change is minor, but enough that speakers no longer remember that they were once the same word, unless they are well-educated. svelte linguistics sound-changes conlanging conlang sveltekit sound-change-applier . The question concerns Sound Change Appliers (SCAs). Are you sure you want to create this branch? The /, In Japanese, the pronunciation of as /, In some American English dialects, the diphthong /. you could define S to be any stop, or K for any coronal, or whatever. Runs from the command line using Java and is easily configured with text files. rather than to both the screen and the file. [ Back to the Language Construction Kit ], A Mac executable, which you can download either in. E.g. Kind of a simplistic exercise, but it's a good method to start. What sort of sound changes should you use? Just as a comment, umlaut and vowel harmony are really just subsets of assimilation. This would allow you to use (say) an IPA font. Haedus Toolbox Sound Change Applier and forum post here. For instance, Simple metathesis is supported by the special replacement string \\. is a .lex or .sc file is really a Notepad (.txt) file. Email: nguhmail@gmail.comNguh Conlangs Website: https://www.nguh.orgInstagram: https://www.instagram.com/agmaschwa/Merch: https://www.storefrontier.com/nguh-tonners646a657070656d612076696e6172786175207265 Once you have that, you can start trying to change the phonology of the proto-language into this child draft by selecting sound changes and adding them to a list. For me, there is a peculiar, intense pleasure in creating a daughter language with a particular feel to it, merely by altering the set of Without this parameter, the output looks like this: Load Sound Changes. It also host an interactive glossary on linguistic features and terms. The 2014 edition includes 2155 inventories that contain 2160 segment types found in 1672 distinct languages., The World Phonotactics Database is a searchable database containing information about phonotactic restrictions of languages of the world. This is better if you have, say, a parent language with several daughters each with their own sound change file. part that changes. It is available in the form of a searchable archive, enabling its online users to retrieve universals in terms of any of the individual words or combinations of words that occur in their formulation or in their documentation. This may be used to create a full lexicon or to simply pick the genereated words that appeal to you. You can apply these rules in certain contexts or in very instance. compare it to is creating new animals indirectly, by mutating their DNA. What should I follow, if two altimeters show different altitudes? When logging sound changes, a standardized notation is used, which looks something like this: In this formula, the underscore indicates where our phoneme in question would be, and it can be read as "when [x] follows [z], it becomes [y]". I haven't been able to get solid answers. Please note: right-click on the links to or lexical rules to apply. Z//V_V Gen. can help with categories. The episode are full of interesting and knowledgeable discussions which last around the hour. This page collects a number of entrusted, and foremost - free, sources of linguistic and specialised information by the conlanging community, and the users of the Linguifex Wiki. language family for ideas. Examples: Nonce categories in the environment (only) can include other categories: Nonce categories in the environment can include the word boundary #. because the C will not match the digraph ch. Degemination can be accomplished using the special character . To age a conlang, you might consider making a timeline of changes. It uses Python, which you'll need to install to be able to use it; most Linices should have it already installed. At year 725, a new word derives from a word from an ancient text from year 300. y is what it changes to, For sound changes that happened after ca. The original and most famous sound change applier is the SCA by Zompist. and z is the environment. The four non-lateral consonants ( [n] appears as a word final allophone of [], [p] is the most common realisation of the top right phoneme) And here are the vowels! I don't see how this can be made less broad. etc. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. degemination (making single consonants from double consonants). In that case, make sure Rewrite on output is unchecked. Keyboard layout editors allow the users to create their customised keyboards, which enable them to write the full Unicode, and a large portion of the International Phonetic Alphabet, as well as a veriety of international writing systems. The study of when sound changes occur in a particular place and in what order the changes happen. The first option just prints each output word; this is good for generating a new list of words (e.g. Many Git commands accept both tag and branch names, so creating this branch may cause unexpected behavior. As the name suggests, it is a proto-language, which eventually I am hoping to expand into a family of languages. the two input files on the left One or more elements in the environment can be marked as optional with parentheses. The latest version is here! The best answers are voted up and rise to the top, Not the answer you're looking for? u/o/_# So if you have a rule, Epenthesis is supported by leaving the target part of the rule blank. Show me where the stops become fricatives! And of course, you're considering a whole family tree, so you're going to need to do this exercise multiple times. inflectional system. Site design / logo 2023 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under CC BY-SA. I will add more features as people request them or as I get new ideas. In my example I used gives the transformed value of each character in the input variable (here S). want to change the definition of V. Though sound changes can refer to digraphs, fam(i)ly, mem(o)ry [medial vowels deleted]; 'populu > people [unstressed vowels other than 'a' deleted in Latin if greater than 2 syllables], deletion of initial sound (mostly vowels), apoteca (Latin) > bodega (Spanish) 'warehouse', skola (Latin) > eskola (Old French) 'school', insertion of consonant between consonants, husped > huspede (some Spanish dialects) 'guest', vowel lengthens to fill space from deletion, *ton > to: > tu (English evolution) 'tooth', /s/ or /z/ goes to /r/ usually between vowels or glides, *hauzjan > ho:ren > hieran (English evolution) 'hear', sounds change positions (sometimes sporatically), prbbli > prbli 'probably' (some English dialects), (term for dipthongization used in Germanic linguistics) *kald > ceald (Old English) 'cold', common changes are devoicing of stops or obstruents but sonorants or final vowels can also devoice, lupu > lobo 'wolf'; vi:ta > vida 'life" (Spanish evolution); can affect just stops, just fricatives, or all obstruents for example, nasals agree in place with following sound, velar or alveolar to palato-alveolar before/after /i/ or /j/ or before front vowels, consonants are palatalized upon a condition, susi > susji > susj (some Finnish dialects) 'wolf', auru- > oro (Latin to Spanish) 'gold'; some English dialects before /r/ like fa:r 'fire', ta:r 'tire', low or mid vowels raise to mid or high vowels, long or tense or word-final vowels frequently rise, high or mid vowels lowering to mid or low, vowels vowels frequently lower before uvular or pharyngeal consonants or a low vowel in the next syllable; nasalized vowels often lower, nasalization of vowel before a nasal consonant, bon > bn > b (French) 'good'; common for nasalization to be followed by deletion of the nasal, single consonant changes to a doubled consonant, some Finnish dialects change VCV: to VCCV: as in pakoon > pakkoon 'into flight', sequence of two identical consonants is reduced to a single consonant, pekkatu- > pekado (Latin to Spanish) 'sin, misfortune', consonant (usually a stop or fricative) becomes an affricate, rapra > rara (Cuzco Quechua syllable-final stops) 'leaf, wing', in Mayan, vowels are lengthened before a consonant cluster which begins with a sonorant (l, r, m, n): kenq' > ke:nq', common word-finally, before consonant clusters, when unstressed; long vowels also often merge with short vowels.
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