We are working to restore the entire archive of Fr. 15K views Streamed 1 year ago Fr. 1 John 2:1 talks about 1 John 2:1-2 is talking about the Day of Atonement. Fr. Fr. Fr. Stephen: And the pivot-point, when we go from the end of St. Lukes gospel to the beginning of Acts, is the story he tells twice, and thats Christs ascension into heaven, which he tells at the end of his gospel, and then again at the beginning of Acts he narrates Christs ascension again. Andrew: Yeah! Andrew: Yes, right, so the idea is to take the sins of the people and get them out of the place where sin does not belong. Andrew: Yeah, so there is some overlap there, but, yeah, its not a perfect, total, categorical overlap. He comes specifically to do combat with the evil one. Yes, yes, I do have a question, and it pertains to 1 John 2:2. Fr. Fr. Fr. Yeah, and then again Hebrews 10: How much worse punishment do you think will be deserved by the one who has trampled underfoot the Son of Godand heres the important part here, for our purposesand has profaned the blood of the covenant by which he was sanctified and has outraged the spirit of grace. So, again, the blood of the covenant does this sanctification. Well, okay, so theres a little bit of backstory here, and again, Luke, using this detail about Christ being on the road to Emmaushes actually on the road to Emmaus, but everyone knows what Emmaus is famous for. Like, its lovely; its a very nice idea. [Laughter] But we did just have, or were going to talk about Matthew 25 in a second here. Andrew: Which is not the way confession works either, by the way, in case anyones thinking, Wait, what? Theres a wonderful parallel, in some ways, between these things. Fr. Fr. Stephen: Thats the crucial battle where the Judean army, led by the Maccabee brothers, defeated the Greek forces, at the Battle of Emmaus. He holds a PhD in Biblical Studies from Amridge University and is the host of the The Whole Counsel of God podcast and co-host of the Lord of Spirits podcast on Ancient Faith Radio. [Laughter] I dont know. Stephen De Young Religion of the Apostles: Orthodox Christianity in the First Century Kindle Edition by Stephen De Young (Author) Format: Kindle Edition 357 ratings See all formats and editions Kindle $9.99 Read with Our Free App Audiobook $0.00 Free with your Audible trial Great on Kindle Great Experience. And, supporting that within the Bible, is also in Leviticus 17:7, which is the very next chapterand remember, the chapter-breaks werent there originally, so this is just a couple paragraphs later at the end of the ritual for the Day of Atonementtheres the commandments that the Israelites are not to continue worshiping the goat-spirits of the wilderness. So it seems to me that Azazel is most likely one of those. Fr. Fr. Stephen: Were going to talk about this more in the second half, but Azazel, this spirit, is seen as sort of the source of sin and corruption that has come into the camp, and so its basically being sent back to it. Fr. He holds a PhD in Biblical Studies from Amridge University. I mean, were doing daily offerings for sin in ancient Israel. Fr. Fr. Stephen: Right, but what happens is, in sort of the symbolic mindhi, Jonathanof the Jewish people, sheep and lambs become associated with Passover. Stephen De Young The V. Rev. En (James A.) So the other goat is for Azazel. They are not just a narrative; theyre narrative theology. Amen. And then what happens next? In the Orthodox Church, Greek is kind of our base language for theology and liturgy and so forth. Amen. Which is kind of a weird way to end the gospel. Stephen: Right, its a practicality. Fr. Thats where the feast comes from, the feast of lights. Stephen: This doesnt mean its not historical, because any historian has to choose details to include and details to omit, and will write about things and describe things in certain ways. Yes, yes, yes! Stephen shows convincingly that throughout the Old Testament, God was understood to be more than one person, and this was never a point of dispute during the Judaism of the Second Temple Period. God bless you. Fr. Fr. Fr. Instagram, RSS & iTunes In what manner is the atoning work of Christ mediated to the world, or could we say that it is mediated to the world by the Church? Andrew: Yeah, and thenand heres the part that everyones waiting forthe goats. Stephen: Right, but that opens up Fortnite references. Andrew: Nothing to do with that. Right. And then the whole idea, not just in general terms but in its specifics, is picked up wholesale by St. John the Evangelist in the Johannine literature. Fr. These werent special, magic goats. So you have to go back past the Greek a little bit. Fr. But Im not sure that the body of the book establishes this. But he was particularly significant in the understanding of both Judaism of the Second Temple period and early Christianity as not only the first sinner, as we already talked about a little bit, but also as a teacher of sin. And that is so so heart-rendingly beautiful. Stephen De Young's Bible Studies, thank you for your patience. Im going to make it look like that? Yetzer Anthropologies in the Apocalypse of Abraham (WUNT, 1.438; Tuebingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020). ,and And Yahoel, the Yaho- is Yahweh. [Laughter] Yeah, not all goats are the same in every reference in Scripture, but Fr. Once again, I am delighted to announce that I was mistaken. Is he just saying, Im going to come into this. And then theres this weird And then at the end of Luke: They worshiped him, returned to Jerusalem with great joy, and were continually in the Temple, blessing and praising God. And theres the figure of the Angel of the Lord as the one whos going to do this; hes going to be the high priest. Andrew: The Savior, yes. ,The Whole Counsel of God: An Introduction to Your Bible He preferred the terminology for the sacrament of the Lords Supper in order to present it as a meal,1 which he saw as standing in sharp contrast to the sacrificial conception.2 While Calvin himself consistently maintained that the Eucharist represented a real sacramental communion in the body and blood of Christ, this disassociation of sacrament and sacrifice led much of later Protestantism to reject even the sacramentality of the rite. And so this is what St. Matthew is seeing, too, in the Prophet Isaiah, that by Christ becoming man and living in this world and suffering and experiencing human weakness voluntarily, etc., etc., that by doing that, he is healing our humanity. Product details Publisher : Ancient Faith Publishing (October 18, 2021) Language : English Paperback : 160 pages ISBN-10 : 1955890048 ISBN-13 : 978-1955890045 Item Weight : 7.5 ounces They werent sitting there with the knife, and keep the fire going at the burnt-offering altar, because someone might show up with a pigeon. Dan: Yeah, yeah, thats really helpful. Stephen: No, it has nothing to do with that. Its remembered as being the decisive battle of the American Late Unpleasantness. Stephen: Right, the goat for Yahweh. Andrew: Yeah, and if you look at Leviticus I mean, you dont have to read the whole book of Leviticus, but if you look at Leviticus 16, which is the chapter that has this ritual in it, you can just read it, and it shows Im looking at it right now, and it says: Aaron must then present the goat which has been designated by lot for the Lord, and he is to make it a sin-offering, but the goat which has been designated by lot for Azazel is to be still alive. Then later on it makes the reference to him putting his hands on the goat for Azazel and sends it out, but theres not unless Im missing it, it doesnt actually say anything about putting his hands on the other goat. How does God see it working? Fr. Stephen: And the way hes said to do that, in 1 John 3:8, is that Christ appears to destroy the works of the devil.. This is from an apostle, letting us know how to interpret that Isaiah passage. Andrew: Yeah, just list off the commandments. We have to learn to think symbolically! [Laughter]. Stephen: Do you have to pay royalties now that you said that? Fr. Theres a text variant there as to whether it says monon or monn. So the first question I mean, Ill start by saying I havent read the book of Leviticus, so excuse my ignorance on this, but I have read actually, after hearing the last podcast you guys did, I was doing a little bit of reading, and I read that the priest would lay hands on both goats, like on the goat for Yahweh as well as that Is that true, or would they not lay hands on the goat for Yahweh? This kind of thing is fun, and it can be very easy, when exposed to theology, especially theology of this kind, thats trying to explain how everything works and how everything fits together and see things from Gods perspective, to approach our Christian life from that perspective, that its about me figuring things out; its about me piecing things together: its about this intellectual construct that I want to form in my mind, where I have the perfect theology and I understand everything. Stephen: [Laughter] Its really creepy. We just walked through the Day of Atonement ritual, the goat for Yahweh, the goat for Azazel, and what those things mean. Is atonement purely theoretical? Fr. God Is a Man of War [Laughter]. Stephen: So both of them have to be perfect and unblemished, because theyre going to be used for two different purposes, but which one is used for which purpose is decided by lot. Okay, by all means. This is so cool. So how could the Jews who did not convert to Christianity still practice their faith? Andrew: Thats fine. Andrew: All right. Fr. But Israel knows the Day of Atonement ritual. Stephen: So hes seen in 1 Enoch, or the book of Enoch, when Azazel appears, Azazel is sort of the leader of the bad guys, the leader of the rebellious watchers, who are responsible for corrupting the line of Cain and leading them to destruction that results in the flood. So the first thing the high priest has to do is he has to, in order to prepare to enter the space, offer a whole ton of incensenot a little, not one scoop. They see this as a kind or type of atonement. and he has to suffer now and get sacrificed! Like, thats not [Laughter] Thats not what the Scripture actually depicts. And the ark he would dip his index finger in and then sort of whip it in order to sprinkle the blood onto the ark itself. [Laughter]. Stephen: Right, and this is the only sacrificial ritual of any kind in the Torah in which sins are placed on an animal. Fr. Its amazing. Andrew: In the noun form, right, when its used for the thing on the top of the ark of the covenant, as mercy-seat, which is lovely. Stephen can write a follow-up book to help us connect these dots. Fr. I can tell you all about Arrakis, the desert planet; I can tell you all about Gallifrey; I can tell you all about Nimbus [III], the planet of galactic peace. What we reliably know about them is, "Nephilim were on the earth in those days, and also afterward, when the sons of God came into the daughters of men, and they bore children to them. The answer, according to Fr. Partially reviewing what the paper states about the Bible specifically. Fr. Andrew: Thats what it is. Stephen: Right, and as a quick note because you said it quickly, Yom Kippurthe Kippur comes from kefir.. [Laughter] But theres literally a text variant there. Fr. Its really, really cool. Stephen: Its important to cover that because reading a lot of things back into that word did not stop with the King James translators who were doing their best and sort of didnt know any better. It fell into disrepair. I am so thankful to have found this podcast, which is a wonderful resource on content and context! So probably the most famous Church Father to talk about this in terms of atonement specifically is St. AthanasiusSt. So the place where its the most threat, inside the sanctuary, thats the place that the Day of Atonement is concerned and focused on, purifying and cleansing from this taint. Stephen, I know how dear this is to you. But in terms of using the term and talking about it as a concept, 1 John is the place. You can download the paper by clicking the button above. Yeah, theres more to it than that, of course. Fr. So it starts with, as we talked about last time, the idea of sin-offeringsit starts with a sin-offering by the high priest and his immediate sons who are going to be serving with him; its the high priest and only the high priest and only on this day, who was going to actually go into what we now call the holy of holies or the sanctum sanctorum, if youre a Doctor Strange fan. Stephen: But so if we go back, then, to the Semitic root thats behind all this, you end up with what are called kefir verbs. So Luke 24, you get Christ on the road to Emmaus. Fr. So sin brings the chaos in, or you could say it turns what has been made orderly and beautiful chaotic again. But within this context of atonement, that Christ assumes the whole human experience, and therefore heals it all. Dr. Stephen De Young, creator of the popular The Whole Counsel of God blog and podcast, traces the lineage of Orthodox Christianity back to the faith and witness of the apostles, which was rooted in a first-century Jewish worldview. These. Because obviously, if you interpret it purely as related to sins and the forgiveness of sins, then not everyone in the world has their sins forgiven, but And so you have to And thats where Peter Lombard in the eleventh century comes up with the idea of sufficiency and efficiency, that Christs sacrifice is sufficient for the world but not efficient for the world, and on and on and on. That might sound familiar to some folks who have read the book of Revelation, because this is exactly what happens to the dragon: hes seized by an angel, hes bound, hes thrown into a pit, hes kept there, and then on the last day hes released briefly and then thrown into the lake of fire. The ark of the covenant is like a footstool, so theres a throne involved there, and were thinking of atonement as at-one-ment and peace and mercy. So you come up with this mercy-seat thing. Fr. Fr. I am coming to understand that the Orthodox view is the correct one. The Judaism at the time of Christ was entirely centered on the temple, but the temple was destroyed in AD 70. Fr. Stephen: And all the Ethiopians will rejoice because theyre like: [Whispered] Weve got it!. And as we talked about last time, at a fair amount of length, Passover representing this manumission, this freedom from slavery, slavery to sin, freedom from slavery to the hostile powers. At first, it appears the book will address these questions, for Fr. Fr. Stephen: Right, because if he saw him directly, hed die. Fr. Fr. But 1 John is actually the book of the New Testament that uses the actual word, ilasterion, atonement, most frequently. He is the pastor of Archangel Gabriel Orthodox Church (Antiochian) in Lafayette, Louisiana, and holds a PhD in Biblical Studies from Amridge University. Thats absolutely a blessing! Stephen: And finally, be sure to go to ancientfaith.com/support and help make sure we and lots of other AFR podcasters stay on the air. Stephen: And these things that the evil one has wrought in the world are here in the world and need to be purged out, need to be purified, need to be atoned for in that sense, need to be removed, wiped away, blotted out. The whole goat is burned after the blood is extracted. Sorry, whats your question? So it was covering all of the commandments that had been broken, which was pretty much all of them. I appreciate it. Fr. Andrew in an outline group connected to the podcast group. Im like, why dont we start with: What does the Bible say? Heres the thing, though. Fr. Stephens historical research dismantled beliefs that I held in common with thousands of other modern Christians about the Bible and its teachings. And if they did, what was that signifying when they laid hands on it? Pauls Works of the Law in the Perspective of Second Century Reception, by Matthew J. Thomas A Review, Easily the most important work in Pauline Studies, and likely in Biblical Studies as a whole, of the current decade, In the previous post, Eusebius of Caesareas attempt to divide out a second Elder John other, John the Presbyter: Eusebius Imaginary Friend, Many common staples of modern Biblical scholarship of the 20th century are complicated edifices built on some small mention in, In the previous post, the visit of the Theotokos to St. Elizabeth was discussed with particular reference to St. Luke. Fr. But the problemand we already talked about this a bit with Fr. So, using the color scarlet, using this wrapped around language. Andrew: And freedom being given by Christ from that. In response to what he viewed as not merely a malformation but a destruction of the Eucharist in Roman practice, John Calvin was dogmatic that the Eucharist is not a sacrifice. The answer is that they had to invent a new religion. All right. But, yeah, the goat for Azazel has sins placed upon it, in contrast for the goat for Yahweh. Well, okay, lets talk about St. Matthew. Its this annual thing, so it must be a really big deal. Stephen: And its not just sort of chaos in the sense of disorder. Okay, but before we get to the New Testament, right? Stephen: [Laughter] Right. This goat, we dont know nothing. Theyre not just saying and this is what happened next! Whats going on there? Stephen: Right. And thats what described, like in Daniel, as the abomination of desolation, because it rendered Yeah, they couldnt use the Temple any more after that. Fr. Stephen: Join us for our live broadcasts on the second and fourth Thursdays of the month at 7:00 p.m. Eastern, 4:00 p.m. Pacific. The primary focus in this essay will be on The most significant biblical passage for the fallen angels tradition . Here is another misconception Fr. Stephen: Yeah. Fr. Those were the mighty men who were of old, men of renown" (Genesis 6:1-4)-period (keep the "reliably" qualifier in mind). Stephen: When the subject of atonement comes up in most Western theological circles, this is where they go, is to Isaiah, specifically Isaiah 53:4-5, which has those famous lines about he was wounded by our transgressions; by his stripes we are healed, all of that language.
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